Periodontitis is a disease of the periodontal apparatus which causes a degeneration of the gums and jaw bone, and possible tooth loss. This is caused by certain bacteria within the mouth. They multiply in dental plaque and cause gingivitis. Periodontitis is an independent risk factor for coronary heart disease (disease of the cardiac vessels), stroke (apoplexy), and premature contractions. Many treatment options are available if the disease is detected at an early stage. These options may stop the progress of the disease and therefore prevent tooth loss if the patient is compliant.
1. Symptoms of periodontitis
The symptoms of periodontitis are manifold and depending on the stage vary in severity. The following symptoms may occur:
- Red or swollen gums
- Sensitivity of the teeth (e.g. warm and cold)
- Bleeding of the gums
- Gingival crevices
- Medium to strong oral malodour
- Loose teeth
2. Course of periodontitis
The course of this particular gum infection has many stages:
Course of periodontitis
Stage 1: Plaque-free, healthy tooth with healthy gums
Stage 2: Minor to massive inflammation of the gums caused by plaque or gingivitis
Stage 3: Massive inflammations of the periodontal apparatus until the loss of one tooth or more teeth
3. Course of treatment
Thorough tooth cleaning (tooth prophylaxis) of all teeth as well as a pre-cleaning of the gingival crevices of the patient. Removal of the bacterial biofilm at the dental root under local anaesthesia. Dental roots are polished mechanically (with ultrasound) and manually (with special curettes) with small devices. If necessary laser therapy is performed in order to kill the remaining bacterial germs and further disinfection. Administration of antibiotics in case of particularly aggressive bacteria.
